How Payback Periods Shape Unit Economics

The endpoint of growth is not acceleration. It is continuity. Growth becomes infrastructure when it continues to function without constant intervention.

The concept of a “margin of safety” — the idea that decisions should be structured to absorb uncertainty and error — was first formally introduced by Ben Graham and David Dodd in the 1930s, in their landmark book Security Analysis. Seth Klarman’s modern book Margin of Safety popularized the principle for contemporary investors, emphasizing disciplined decision-making and risk management.

Most growth metrics describe outcomes after they occur. Velocity describes how a system behaves while it is operating. At Kruzeniski Digital, velocity is observed as time compression — the duration between input, feedback, and adjustment.

Most growth metrics describe outcomes after they occur. Velocity describes how a system behaves while it is operating. At Kruzeniski Digital, velocity is observed as time compression — the duration between input, feedback, and adjustment.

In investing, margin of safety is not about prediction. It is about durability. Growth systems operate under similar conditions. Assumptions will fail. Performance will vary. Conditions will change. The relevant question is not whether a system works under ideal circumstances, but whether it continues to function when those circumstances shift.